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Many other Scientologist-run organizations and organizations belong to the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which accredits the use of Hubbard's management teachings, and distributes directory sites of WISE-affiliated services. WISE needs those who wish to end up being Hubbard management consults to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another popular WISE-affiliated business is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Innovation and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Federal government is a division of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Internet ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.




This section requires expansion. You can help by adding to it. In order to help with the ongoing growth of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the form of powerful or highly regarded individuals. Church of Scientology Perth. Though it has actually achieved some credibility as a religion in many countries, Scientology has also been referred to as both a cult and a commercial business.

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For instance, it has actually been noted to take part in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Level playing field people it perceives as its opponents. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of government files in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise founded guilty of scams, murder and damaging witnesses in French cases, destructive libel versus attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner states that Scientology's "high level of visibility" might be perceived as "threatening to established social organizations".


From 1952 till 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was incorporated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were business and operated for the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, however its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in link 52 countries by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years trying to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had actually initially demandedand the Internal Revenue Service recognized the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit company.


Scientology find this mentions its tax exemption as proof the United States government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in items for the incoming Barack Obama administration to investigate, as figured out in an internet poll run by the governmental transition team obtaining public input for the inbound administration.

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State Department has criticized Western European nations for discrimination versus Scientologists in its published annual International Religious Flexibility report, based on the International Religious Flexibility Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is treated legally as a company, and not as a religious beliefs or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was given a tax-exemption for the 10% license costs sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and lots of associated terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered hallmark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a tough line on people and groups who attempt to utilize it in methods unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular aspects of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was developed with its head office situated at Saint Hill Manor - Perth Scientology. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later relabelled the Workplace of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later arranged and committed among the biggest penetration of United States federal companies ever perpetrated by an organization not affiliated with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions resource as such: The criminal activity committed by these defendants is of a breadth and scope formerly unheard of. No structure, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and prying. No person or company was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has likewise in the past used aggressive tactics in dealing with those it views as attempting to suppress them, known as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) first detailed by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair game. Scientology Perth. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its creator.


Using blank paper understood to have actually been managed by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb risks in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which could have sent out Cooper to jail for a lengthy term. The Church's plan was discovered at the exact same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.